نشریه نظریه های نوین حسابداری
سال چهارم شماره 1 (پیاپی 11، بهار 1393)

Cash is a vital and important resource of each economic unit. Making balances between existing cash and cash demands is one of the most critical factors of economic health and continuing operations of commercial units.
The aim of this research is to investigate the effective factors on cash held by the firms. To obtain this goal the sample data set is gathered from firms in the stock market in the period of 5 years (from 1387 to 1391). In order to answer to research questions, 6 main hypothesis was developed and to test hypothesizes multivariable regression by merging different data sets is used.
The research result shows that between financial leverage, Potential liquidity assets, ratio of long term debt to assets and cash held there is a negative significant correlation; between standard deviation of cash arising from operating activities, the growth opportunities and cash held there is a significant positive correlation.
In the firms which they Ultimate Controller are public or semipublic sectors, there is a significant positive correlation between the ultimate shareholders and cash held. In contrast, in the firms which they Ultimate Controller are individuals there is a significant negative correlation between the ultimate shareholders and cash held.
In addition, there is no significant correlation between profitability, firm sizes, different between debtors of a period and payment of creditors, relation with Financial Institutions, opportunity costs, cash flows and cash held.

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of conditional conservatism on earning quality and stock prices in companies listed in Tehran stock exchange (TSE) during the period of 2007 to 2011. The statistical population with respect of any limitations is 77 companies (385 years-firms). In this study, we used Basu(1997) model’s for conditional conservatism measurement. As well as for earning quality measurement we used the variable of cash flow from operation to net income ratio (CFO/NI). At last, the results of thesis illustrate that conditional conservatism significantly affect on stock price and earning quality.

Considering the critical role of banks in the economic systems, any loss or inefficiency in the economic system could affect the activity of banks and financial institutions. The occurrence of inflation and price volatility in other markets could affect on operating costs, cost of money and profitability of banks. One way for assessing the performance of institute in analysis of financial ratios, and these ratios can be affected by inflation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of implementation of inflation accounting on key financial ratios such as liquidity, activity, profitability and market shares ratios for banks which listed in Tehran stock exchange and OTC. In order to test the hypothesis, the paired t-test and t-statistics were used. The sample of paper consists of 13 banks and financial institutions for consecutive years 1390 and 1391. The findings showed that in 1390, there was a difference between homogeneous historical values compared with the historical recorded values for two ratios: return on equity and return on total assets. Moreover in 1391, there was a difference between homogeneous historical values compared with the historical recorded values for five ratios: return on equity, return on total assets, earning growth, earning per share and dividend earning per share.

In the recent decades companies and business units attend to conduct diversification strategy in order to increase profitability and rising protion of emporium. In the other hand construction of company direction as the main factor of conduction and direction of different strategy could be an important factor in the direction of employing such kind of strategy. So present research also explore the effect of some components of corporate governance on the conducting diversification strategy in accepted company in Tehran stock exchange. The research experiment is done by using panel analyze and information of 140 companies during 1387 until 1391. Results based on the data indicate that there is’nt any meaningful relationship between active institutional investors and size of board of director’s and CEO duality with conduction of diversification strategy. But there is a positive and meaningful relationship between executive ownership and conduction of diversification strategy.

The ownership structure of European and American companies is distributed between different groups of stakeholders, but the ownership structure of Iranian companies is more concentrated and public. This research tries to study the relationship between ownership structure and income smoothing among the companies listed on the Tehran stock exchange over a period of five years (1386-1390). Besides, this research attempts to answer this question whether there is a significant relationship between public and private institutional shareholders and income smoothing or not? In this research the percentage of public and private institutional shareholder ownership are independent variables and income smoothing is the dependent variable. Based on the systematic elimination method, the research sample consists of 75 companies. In order to test the hypothesis the correlation coefficient based on SPSS software were used. The research findings shows there is no meaningful relationship between the variables such as institutional shareholders, private sector, public sector and institutional shareholders, minority shareholders with income smoothing.